Facts about Sicily

Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, is a land of contrasts, blending ancient history, rich traditions, and breathtaking landscapes. Whether you are visiting for its historical sites, culinary delights, or stunning coastline, there is always something new to discover. This Sicily travel guide explores the most intriguing aspects of the island, from its role in world history to local superstitions and modern developments.

Expo 2015: from Milan to Sicily

In 2015, Milan hosted the world-famous Expo, focusing on food and sustainability. Many travelers who visited the event extended their trip to Sicily, a region deeply connected to the Mediterranean diet. Sicilian cuisine features high-quality extra virgin olive oil, organic fruits and vegetables, artisanal bread, and world-class wines. A visit to the island offers an immersive experience into one of the healthiest and tastiest diets in the world.

Operation Husky

Sicily’s role in World War II

One of the most pivotal moments in the history of Sicily was the Allied invasion of 1943, known as Operation Husky. This campaign marked the beginning of the liberation of Europe from Nazi occupation. The invasion began on July 10, when American forces landed at Gela and British troops at Pachino and Siracusa. The mission, led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower, involved 180,000 troops, 600 tanks, and 1,800 artillery units. Cities like Palermo, Catania, and Agrigento were quickly taken, culminating in the signing of the Armistice of Cassibile on September 13.

Photographer Robert Capa documented this historic event through compelling images, many of which can be seen at the Museum of the Allied Landings in Catania and the Troina War Museum in Enna.

Sicilian superstitions and traditions

Sicilians have a strong connection to superstitions and folklore. Many homes and vehicles feature horn-shaped amulets or religious charms to ward off bad luck. The belief in destiny and fate is deeply ingrained in daily life, with saints, madonnas, and talismans playing a crucial role in Sicilian culture. Visitors will find these customs fascinating, offering an authentic glimpse into the island’s way of life.

The bridge across the strait of Messina: dream or reality?

For decades, the idea of a bridge connecting Sicily to mainland Italy has been debated. The Strait of Messina, a three-kilometer-wide waterway, separates Sicily from Calabria. While ferries currently provide transport, some advocate for a permanent bridge to improve connectivity and boost the economy. However, others argue that such a structure would diminish Sicily’s island identity. As of now, the project remains on hold, and Sicilians continue to rely on ferry services, much like Ulysses in Homer’s time.

The Sicilian cart: a symbol of heritage

Once the primary mode of transportation, the Sicilian cart was widely used until the mid-20th century. These wooden carts, often adorned with colorful paintings depicting religious stories and historical battles, carried goods and passengers across the island. Today, they serve as cultural artifacts displayed in museums such as the Terrasini Regional Museum in Palermo and the Museo del Carretto Siciliano in Enna. Some carts are still used in festivals, keeping this rich tradition alive.

Sicily’s special autonomous status

Sicily is one of Italy’s five regions with special autonomous status, allowing it to have its own government and parliament. Since 2001, Sicilians have directly elected their regional president. Despite its autonomy, the island still faces economic challenges, but its tourism industry holds great potential for future growth.

Wind turbines

The rise of renewable energy

In recent years, Sicily has invested in renewable energy, with large wind farms visible across its countryside. Thanks to European Union funding, these turbines generate clean electricity by harnessing wind currents. This shift toward sustainable energy aligns with global efforts to reduce carbon emissions and promote environmental responsibility.

Western vs. Eastern Sicily: two distinct worlds

Sicily’s history of foreign dominations has created a fascinating cultural divide between its western and eastern regions.

• Western Sicily (Palermo, Trapani, and Marsala) was heavily influenced by Arab and Norman rule, evident in its architecture, traditions, and cuisine, which includes couscous and bold, spice-infused flavors.
• Eastern Sicily (Catania, Siracusa, and Messina) reflects Greek and Roman heritage, featuring classical temples and amphitheaters. The cuisine here is closer to mainland Italian flavors, with pasta alla Norma and arancini being popular dishes.

Traveling across the island reveals these distinct influences, making Sicily a unique blend of civilizations.

A rich tapestry of historical eras

Sicily has been shaped by many civilizations, from the Greeks and Romans to the Normans and Byzantines. Some historical highlights include:

• The Norman kingdom of Sicily (11th–12th century) combined Latin, Greek, and Islamic influences, producing magnificent mosaics in Monreale Cathedral and Palermo’s Cappella Palatina.
• Syracuse was once considered as a potential capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constance II before his assassination in 668.
• The 13th-century rule of Frederick II, known as “Stupor Mundi,” saw Sicily thrive as a center of science and culture.

Sicily’s connection to British history

Sicily shares some unexpected ties with Britain:

• Knights from the Norman conquest of England in 1066 had previously fought in Sicily.
• The English royal coat of arms’ lion design may have originated from Norman Sicily.
• Richard the Lionheart stopped in Messina during the Third Crusade in 1190.
• British entrepreneur John Woodhouse helped establish Marsala wine production in the 18th century, strengthening Sicily’s trade links with the UK.

Books about Sicily: a reading list for enthusiasts

For those looking to deepen their understanding of Sicily, here are some recommended reads:

• The Normans in Sicily – John Julius Norwich
• Sicilian Baroque – Anthony Blunt
• The History of Sicily – M. I. Finley, D. Mack Smith
• The Sicilian Vespers – Steven Runciman
• The Golden Honeycomb – Vincent Cronin
• The Sand-Reckoner – Gillian Bradshaw (a novel about young Archimedes)

Sicily is a captivating destination where history, culture, and tradition merge seamlessly. From its pivotal role in Operation Husky to its enduring folklore and regional contrasts, this island offers endless discoveries. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, savoring its world-renowned cuisine, or simply soaking in its Mediterranean charm, Sicily never fails to amaze.

Plan your journey and uncover more facts about Sicily—an island where the past and present coexist in perfect harmony.